A. Verbal Present Perfect
Formula
of verbal sentences and examples:
Positive:
S + have / has + verb 3 (past participle) + O / Adv
Negative:
S + have / has + not + verb 3+ O / Adv
Interrogative-Positive:
Have / has + S + verb 3+ O / Adv
Interrogative-Negative:
Have / has + not + S + verb 3+ O / Adv
Notes:
Have
for subjects I, you, they, we, and plural subjects like people, 2 students,
some dogs etc.
Has
for 3rd singular subject (she, he, it, Andi, Dona, etc).
a.
Example Positive : I
have come before you
b.
Example Negative : I
Haven’t come
c.
Example interrogative-positve:
have you come?
d.
Example
interrogative-negative : Haven’t you come
B. Nominal Present Perfect
The nominal formula only adds "been" after having
/ has, but not followed by verb 3 but followed by noun / adjective /
preposition phrase (adverb). This nominal formula is the same as the nominal
formula of the present perfect continuous tense sentence.
Formula:
Positive:
S + have / has + been + Noun / Adj / Adv
Negative:
S + have / has + not + been + Noun / Adj / Adv
Interrogative-Positive:
Have / has + S + been + Noun / Adj / Adv
Interrogative-Negative:
Have / has + not + S + been + Noun / Adj / Adv
a.
Example Positive: She
has been a mother
b.
Example Negative: She
hasn’t been a mother
c.
Example
interrogative-Positive: Has she been a mother?
d.
Example
interrogative-Negative: Hasn’t she been a mother?
To state that we already have something, remove 'been' and
add 'had' or by using the word 'already' in front to be.
Example:
She
has had a baby
I
have had a new car
She
already has a baby
I
already have a new car
Verb 'been' can also be replaced with 'become' which is an
irregular 3 verb. Caucasians prefer to use this one rather than 'been'.
Example:
She
has become a mother
They
have become my friends
A.
Past Tense vs Present
Perfect
|
Present Perfect Simple
|
Past Simple
|
|
Unfinished actions that started
in the past and continue to the present:
·
I've known Julie for ten
years (and I still know her).
|
Finished actions:
·
I knew Julie for ten years
(but then she moved away and we lost touch).
|
|
A finished action in someone's
life (when the person is still alive: life experience):
·
My
brother has been to
Mexico three times.
|
A finished action in someone's
life (when the person is dead):
·
My
great-grandmother went to
Mexico three times.
|
|
A finished action with a result
in the present:
·
I've lost my keys! (The
result is that I can't get into my house now).
|
A finished action with no
result in the present:
·
I lost my keys yesterday.
It was terrible! (Now there is no result. I got new keys yesterday).
|
|
With an unfinished time word
(this week, this month, today):
·
I've seen John this week.
|
With a finished time word (last
week, last month, yesterday):
·
I saw John last week.
|
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